Expropriation
"What protections exist against expropriation for foreign investors in Turkey?"
Quick Answer
Turkish Constitution prohibits expropriation without fair compensation. BITs provide additional protections including access to international arbitration.
Scope and Legal Distinctions
Expropriation is a public-law acquisition process with notice, valuation and challenge procedures. It is not an ordinary negotiated property sale.
What to Check in Practice
Review the administrative act, ownership, valuation evidence and service dates immediately; objections to the act and compensation issues may follow different routes.
Foreign Acquisition Rules
For foreign natural persons, Law No. 6302 removed the former reciprocity condition in 2012. Nationality eligibility, area and location restrictions still require review. Foreign legal entities and Turkish companies with foreign investment have distinct acquisition rules under Land Registry Law Articles 35 and 36.
Sources & Authorities
Statutory framework and official guidance for this definition.
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